Latest Nov-2023 Nokia 4A0-220 Dumps Updated 40 Questions
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NEW QUESTION # 16
What is the Feasibility File in GMRE nodes?
- A. A control checklist for the operator
- B. A file of optical impairment parameters for power balance
- C. A file with target values that determine whether a given LSP can be routed
- D. A file with commissioned GMRE nodes for NPA implementation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The Feasibility File is a file that contains a set of target values for various optical impairment parameters, such as OSNR, CD, PMD, and PDL, that are used to determine whether a given LSP can be routed through the GMRE network. The Feasibility File is generated by the Network Planning Application (NPA) based on the network design and the service requirements. The Feasibility File is then loaded into the GMRE nodes and used by the GMPLS routing engine to perform feasibility checks for LSP requests. The Feasibility File ensures that the LSPs are routed in accordance with the network plan and the optical performance criteria12.
References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 17
A network with ROADM GMPLS nodes and optical transponder connections could have:
- A. L1 restoration capabilities
- B. L0 and LI restoration capabilities
- C. L0 restoration capabilities
- D. No restoration capabilities
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A network with ROADM GMPLS nodes and optical transponder connections could have both L0 and L1 restoration capabilities. L0 restoration refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures at the optical layer, such as fiber cuts or node failures, by rerouting the affected LSPs to alternative paths at the same layer.
L0 restoration can be achieved by using GMPLS signaling protocols, such as RSVP-TE or CR-LDP, to establish backup LSPs in advance or on demand. L0 restoration can provide fast recovery times and high availability for optical services34. L1 restoration refers to the ability of the network to recover from failures at the sub-wavelength layer, such as transponder failures or wavelength unavailability, by rerouting the affected LSPs to alternative paths at a higher layer. L1 restoration can be achieved by using GMPLS routing protocols, such as OSPF-TE or ISIS-TE, to advertise the sub-wavelength information and availability to other nodes in the network. L1 restoration can provide more flexibility and efficiency for sub-wavelength services56.
References:
* 3: GMPLS - Nokia
* 4: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 5: Sub-Wavelength Switching - Nokia
* 6: Sub-Wavelength Switching in Optical Networks - IEEE Xplore
NEW QUESTION # 18
What is the meaning of Generalized in GMPLS?
- A. Switching can be based on values other than the label
- B. GMPLS can be used for traffic types other than data packets
- C. Unlike MPLS, GMPLS supports multi-vendor networks
- D. The label can assume an extended value range, and is not constrained as it is with MPLS
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
GMPLS stands for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching, which is a protocol suite that extends MPLS to control different types of switching technologies, such as optical, TDM, and packet switching1. The meaning of Generalized in GMPLS is that it can be used for traffic types other than data packets, such as wavelengths, time slots, or fibers2. GMPLS can also use implicit labels that are derived from the physical properties of the data stream, such as wavelength or timeslot, instead of explicit labels that are carried in the packet header3. This allows GMPLS to support various transport networks and applications, such as optical transport networks (OTN), wavelength switched optical networks (WSON), and automatic switched optical networks (ASON)4. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: What is MPLS and GMPLS? - Metaswitch
* 3: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 4: GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 19
What is the GMRE node address?
- A. The OSPF-TE broadcast IP used to flood the link adjacency information
- B. An IP address for CORBA communication with the NMS
- C. The LMP Control Channel ID. This field contains the IPv4 address of the ingress LER as a global unique identifier
- D. The IP address for communication between NEs
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE node address is the IP address for communication between network elements (NEs) in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The GMRE node address is also known as the GMRE loopback address or the GMPLS node IP. It is used by GMPLS protocols such as LMP and RSVP to identify and communicate with other GMRE nodes. The GMRE node address is configured on each NE and is advertised by OSPF-TE to other nodes in the same area. References : Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO, 1830 PSS Identifiers
NEW QUESTION # 20
What is the function of the OSPF-TE protocol?
- A. To exchange with other nodes data about the state of links
- B. To create an MPLS tunnel between two or more end points
- C. To assign different priority to various types of transported signals
- D. To monitor the availability of the links interconnecting adjacent nodes
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The OSPF-TE protocol is an extension of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol that is used to exchange information about the state of links in a GMPLS network. OSPF-TE advertises link attributes such as bandwidth, latency, priority, protection, or switching capabilities to other nodes in the same area. OSPF-TE enables nodes to build a Traffic Engineering Database (TED) that contains the topology and resource information of the network. OSPF-TE helps nodes to perform CSPF calculations and establish LSPs using RSVP-TE signaling. References : Open Shortest Path First - Wikipedia, Understand Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Design Guide, RSVP-TE and OSPF-TE extensions for GMPLS
NEW QUESTION # 21
What does the SNC state with an uppercase "N" mean in a resource in NFM-T?
- A. Indicates if s a higher alarm state level
- B. Indicates the nominal resource on a TE-link that is not in use
- C. Indicates it's currently using the Nominal resource assigned to it
- D. Indicates it's using a link other than the Nominal
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC state with an uppercase "N" means that the resource is currently using the nominal resource assigned to it. As explained in the previous question, a nominal resource is the default or preferred resource that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. If an LSP is using the nominal resource on a TE-link, it means that the LSP has not been rerouted or switched due to any failure or constraint violation. In this case, the SNC state of the resource will be "N", indicating that it is in use by an LSP12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 22
How can you modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T?
- A. By using the Constraint Wizard to modify the constraints
- B. By using the Reroute Wizard to modify the constraints
- C. By putting the LSP in Test mode and moving traffic
- D. By changing the SRG constraints
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP. The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which categories of protocols are included in the GMPLS technology?
- A. Routing, grooming, and signaling
- B. Signaling, routing, and forwarding
- C. Link management, signaling, and switching
- D. Routing, signaling, and link management
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMPLS technology includes three categories of protocols: routing, signaling, and link management.
Routing protocols are used to exchange information about the network topology, resources, and constraints among the nodes. Signaling protocols are used to establish, modify, and release Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network. Link management protocols are used to verify the connectivity and status of the links between adjacent nodes. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS
- Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 24
What is the purpose of the Upstream Label Object in RSVP-TE?
- A. It allows for a label to be suggested to provision bidirectional LSPs.
- B. It indicates the LSP flow direction.
- C. It signals resource reservation information to upstream nodes.
- D. It allows a node to restrict the labels that may be used downstream.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The Upstream Label Object in RSVP-TE is an optional object that allows a node to suggest a label to its upstream neighbor for the purpose of provisioning bidirectional LSPs. The upstream label object is carried in the Resv message and contains the label value that the node wants to use for receiving traffic from its upstream neighbor. The upstream neighbor can accept or reject the suggested label based on its local policy and resource availability. The upstream label object simplifies the label allocation process for bidirectional LSPs and avoids the need for additional signaling messages. References : RSVP-TE - Hewlett Packard Enterprise, RSVP - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is Tunnel Property Heritage?
- A. Maximum allowed bandwith is propagated from HO to LO LSPs.
- B. Cost, SRLG, and Color properties are propagated from HO to LO LSPs.
- C. A restored tunnel inherits the ODUk flows.
- D. The hierarchy tunnels cannot be nested unless they share the same properties.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Tunnel Property Heritage is a feature of GMRE that allows the propagation of certain properties from higher order (HO) LSPs to lower order (LO) LSPs in a multi-layer network. These properties include cost, SRLG, and color. Cost is a metric that reflects the preference of using a certain link or path for routing. SRLG is a set of links that share a common risk of failure. Color is an attribute that can be used to group or filter LSPs based on service classes or customer profiles. By propagating these properties from HO to LO LSPs, GMRE can ensure that the end-to-end LSPs are consistent and optimal across different layers34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 26
What is the Link Maintenance window?
- A. A centralized alarm manager
- B. A wizard for modifying TE-link attributes
- C. A centralized view of the TE-link for the operator
- D. A wizard with commands to set links and nodes to maintenance
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Link Maintenance window is a feature of NFM-T that allows the user to perform maintenance tasks on links and nodes in a GMPLS network. The Link Maintenance window is a wizard that provides commands to set links and nodes to maintenance mode, which prevents them from being used for routing new LSPs or carrying traffic. The user can also use the Link Maintenance window to reroute existing LSPs away from the links and nodes that are in maintenance mode, either manually or automatically. The Link Maintenance window helps the user to perform network maintenance operations without disrupting the service availability or quality12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following statements about the Wait for Server Restoration (WSR) parameter in the MRN is correct?
- A. When WSR is true, the LO channels do not wait for the LI services to restore.
- B. When WSR is false, the LI services do not wait for the LO restoration and restore through LI switching.
- C. When WSR is false, if the failed optical channel can be restored at LO, the data traffic stays in the tunnel.
- D. When WSR is true, the LO optical channel remains in the link until the failure is fixed.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Wait for Server Restoration (WSR) parameter in the MRN is a boolean parameter that determines whether an LI service should wait for the LO restoration or not in case of a failure.When WSR is false, the LI services do not wait for the LO restoration and restore through LI switching. This means that if an LO optical channel fails, the LI services that use that channel will switch to another available optical channel at LI layer without waiting for the LO layer to restore the failed channel. This option provides faster restoration time for LI services, but may result in suboptimal resource utilization at LO layer. When WSR is true, the LI services wait for the LO restoration and do not switch at LI layer. This means that if an LO optical channel fails, the LI services that use that channel will remain in that channel until the LO layer restores it or until a timeout occurs.
This option provides optimal resource utilization at LO layer, but may result in longer restoration time for LI services. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 28
Automation is one of the key features of GMPLS. What is its main benefit?
- A. Providing resilience against multiple failures
- B. Reducing OPEX
- C. Reducing CAPEX
- D. Supporting multi-vendor networks
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Automation is one of the key features of GMPLS that allows dynamic provisioning of optical transport connections between IP routers and optical network elements2. Automation reduces the operational time and administrative overhead required to provision new connectivity, which in turn reduces the operational expenditure (OPEX) of the network. Reducing CAPEX, providing resilience against multiple failures, and supporting multi-vendor networks are not direct benefits of automation, but rather possible outcomes of using GMPLS in general. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: GMPLS - Nokia
* 3: Traffic survivability through Protection and Restoration Combined (PRC) - YouTube
* [4]: GMPLS: Architecture and Applications - Google Books
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following best describes Quality of Service in GMPLS?
- A. The amount of information that is possible to store in the Traffic Engineering Database (TED)
- B. The possibility to have L0 and L1 switching treated with the same quality level in the same network
- C. The ability to switch back to the nominal route after a failure is repaired without impacting existing traffic
- D. The ability to set constraints such as latency and priority for different kinds of services
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Quality of Service (QoS) in GMPLS is the ability to set constraints such as latency and priority for different kinds of services. This means that GMPLS can allocate network resources according to the specific requirements of each service, such as voice, video, or data. For example, a voice service may need low latency and high priority, while a data service may need high bandwidth and low priority. GMPLS can use Traffic Engineering (TE) extensions to OSPF and RSVP protocols to advertise and reserve network resources based on QoS parameters. References : [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia], [Quality of Service - Nokia]
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following statements best describes a distributed control plane for GMPLS?
- A. The network manager controls all the routing for the network.
- B. Each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric.
- C. The control plane is active in some network nodes and not in others.
- D. The network is managed by more than one network management system.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A distributed control plane for GMPLS means that each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric. This allows the routers to communicate with each other and establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network without relying on a centralized controller or network manager. A distributed control plane can improve the scalability, reliability, and efficiency of the network. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following parameters is not considered when restoring an LSP?
- A. Maximum latency
- B. Equipment vendor
- C. Reservation priority
- D. Coloring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The equipment vendor is not a parameter that is considered when restoring an LSP. Restoration is the process of re-establishing an LSP after a failure by using an alternative path that meets the same constraints as the original LSP. The parameters that are considered when restoring an LSP include coloring, reservation priority, maximum latency, bandwidth, protection type, and other QoS attributes. The equipment vendor does not affect the restoration process as long as the nodes support GMPLS protocols and interoperate with each other. References : RFC 4427 - Recovery (Protection and Restoration) Terminology for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia]
NEW QUESTION # 32
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Nokia 4A0-220 exam is a valuable certification that can help network engineers advance their careers and demonstrate their expertise in the field of optical networking. By earning this certification, you will be able to take on more challenging projects, work with cutting-edge technologies, and position yourself for long-term success in the networking industry.
Candidates who pass the Nokia 4A0-220 exam will be able to demonstrate their expertise in GMPLS-controlled optical networks, including the ability to design and implement optical networks, troubleshoot network problems, and optimize network performance. Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks certification is recognized globally and can lead to career opportunities in various industries.
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